What Is a Linux Command?

A Linux command is a program or utility that runs on the command line. A command line is an interface that accepts lines of text and processes them into instructions for your computer.

Before start discussing commands you should know following basic concepts:

• Directory : In Linux folder refers to directory.

• Arguments :

  Argument is an input given as part of commands.

  Syntax

    <command> <argument>  
    <command> <argument> <argument>
  

  Example

    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cd GitDev
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ touch code.py test.py
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls
    code.py test.py
  

  Look at the above, command cd GitDev has changed our directory to GitDev and touch code.py test.py created two files for us. These are arguments which are inputs to commands.

• Options :

  Options modify the default behavior of the command. Generally, they are used to change the output.

  Example

    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls
    code.py  test.py
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls -l
    total 0
    -rw-r--r--. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Mar  4 17:19 code.py
    -rw-r--r--. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Mar  4 17:21 test.py
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls --inode
    493092 code.py  493093 test.py
  

  By default without option, the ls command lists the contents of the current directory. In the second command, we used the -l option the command displays contents with their properties in a list format. When we use --inode option in third the ls command, the command displays the inode number with the contents.

• Absolute Path

  An absolute path is the location of a file or directory specified from the root working directory(/). Absolute path is complete path of file.

  Example:

  
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ ls /home/ec2-user/GitDev/
    code.py  test.py
  

  In the above example we provided complete path /home/ec2-user/GitDev/ of GitDev directory to list content of directory.

• Relative Path

  Relative path is defined as path related to the current working directory.

  Example :

    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cd GitDev/
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls
    code.py  test.py
  

  In the above example we are changing directory to GitDev using relative path GitDev/. There is no / before argument GitDev which indicates it’s a relative directory to present working directory.

1.pwd

pwd command use to print the current working directory.

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ pwd
/home/ec2-user

Here, my current working directory is /home/ec2-user.

2.ls

ls command use to list the content of directory.

          [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls
          code.py  test.py
          [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls -l
          total 0
          -rw-r--r--. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Mar  4 17:19 code.py
          -rw-r--r--. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Mar  4 17:21 test.py

The ls command lists the contents of the GitDev directory. In the second command, we used the -l option the command displays contents with their properties in a list format.

3.cd

cd command use to change the directory:

• Change directory to

• Change directory to home (~) directory

    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ pwd
    /home/ec2-user
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cd ~
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ pwd
    /home/ec2-user
  

• change directory to parent (..) directory

    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ pwd
    /home/ec2-user
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cd ..
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 home]$ pwd
    /home
  

• change directory to previous (-) directory

    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 home]$ pwd
    /home
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 home]$ cd -
    /home/ec2-user
  

4.touch

touch command use to create file without content.

•               [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ touch code.py test.py
                [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls
                code.py test.py
  

5.cat

cat command use to display the content o file. It is used to read the data from a file and gives its content as output. It also helps us to create, view, and concatenate files.

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Amazon Linux"
VERSION="2023"
ID="amzn"
ID_LIKE="fedora"
VERSION_ID="2023"
PLATFORM_ID="platform:al2023"
PRETTY_NAME="Amazon Linux 2023"
ANSI_COLOR="0;33"
CPE_NAME="cpe:2.3:o:amazon:amazon_linux:2023"
HOME_URL="https://aws.amazon.com/linux/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://github.com/amazonlinux/amazon-linux-2023"
SUPPORT_END="2028-03-15"
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$

To concatenate several files, enter:

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ touch dev1.py dev2.py
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls
code.py  dev1.py  dev2.py  test.py
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ cat dev1.py dev2.py > final.py
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls
code.py  dev1.py  dev2.py  final.py  test.py

This command creates a file named final.py that is a copy of dev1.py followed by dev2.py

6.mkdir

mkdir command use to create new directory in the current working directory. The mkdir command allows you to create directories from within the terminal. The default syntax is mkdir followed by the directory name.

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ mkdir GitDev
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ ls
GitDev

You can see ,we have created the GitDev directory.

7.cp

cp command use to copy files and directories from source to desired destination.

• Copying Files

  The following are examples of coping files

  • To make copy of file withing the current directory

      [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ cp code.py copy_code.py
      [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls
      code.py  copy_code.py  dev1.py  dev2.py  final.py  test.py
    

    This created copy of code.py file as copy_code.py

  • To copy a file in your current directory into another directory

      [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cp main.py /home/ec2-user/GitDev
      [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cd GitDev/
      [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls
      code.py  copy_code.py  dev1.py  dev2.py  final.py  main.py  test.py
    

    This copied main.py file from current directory to /home/ec2-user/GitDev directory

  • To copy all the files in a directory to a new directory

      [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cp GitDev/* GitTest
      [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cd GitTest/
      [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitTest]$ ls
      code.py  copy_code.py  dev1.py  dev2.py  final.py  main.py  test.py
    

    This copied all files from GitDev directory to GitTest directory.

• Copying Directory

  To copy all the files from source directory to destination directory

    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cp -r GitDev GitTest
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cd GitTest/
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitTest]$ ls
    code.py  copy_code.py  dev1.py  dev2.py  final.py  main.py  test.p
  

8.mv

mv command use to move files and directories from one directory to another or to rename a file or directory

• Move files

    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ mv final.py GitDev/
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls
    final.py
  

  Here, we moved final.py to GitDev. Use -r(recursively) option to move files more than one.

• Rename file

    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ mv main.py new_name.py
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ ls
    new_name.py
  

  Here, we renamed main.py to new_name.py

9.rm

rm use to delete file from current

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ ls
GitDev  GitTest  main.py
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ rm main.py 
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ ls
GitDev  GitTest

To delete all the files in the mydir directory, one by one, type the following:

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cd GitDev/
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls
code.py  copy_code.py  dev1.py  dev2.py  final.py  main.py  test.py
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ cd ..
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ rm -i GitDev/*
rm: remove regular empty file 'GitDev/code.py'? y
rm: remove regular empty file 'GitDev/copy_code.py'? yy
rm: remove regular empty file 'GitDev/dev1.py'? y
rm: remove regular empty file 'GitDev/dev2.py'? y
rm: remove regular empty file 'GitDev/final.py'? y 
rm: remove regular empty file 'GitDev/main.py'? y
rm: remove regular empty file 'GitDev/test.py'? y
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ cd GitDev/
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 GitDev]$ ls

After each file name displays, type y and press Enter to delete the file.

10.rmdir

rmdir command uses to delete directory.

• Remove empty directory*GitDev*

    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ rmdir GitDev/
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ ls
    GitTest
  

• Remove non empty directory*GitTest*

    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ rmdir -r GitTest/
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-38 ~]$ ls
  

12. find

find command use to find the file in directory.

Syntax : find directory_path -name file_name

Here directory_path is path of directory where you want search file.

ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ find . -name main.py
./GitDev/main.py

In the above command searches file main.py in current directory.

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ find . -name *.py    
./GitDev/main.py
./GitDev/test.py

In the above command searches all the which file name ends with .py in current directory.

13.grep

grep command use to search lines in file matching pattern.

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ cat main.py    
# This program adds two numbers
num1 = 1.5
num2 = 6.3
# Add two numbers
sum = num1 + num2
# Display the sum
print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-58 ~]$ grep -i "num" main.py 
# This program adds two numbers
num1 = 1.5
num2 = 6.3
# Add two numbers
sum = num1 + num2
print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-58 ~]$ grep -c "num" main.py 
6

The -i option enables to search for a string case insensitively in the given file. It matches the words "num" ,"num1", "num2". We can find the number of lines that matches the given string/pattern using option -c.

14.awk

awk command use for pattern search and processing.

What operations awk command can do?

• Scanning files line by line

• Splitting each input line into fields

• Comparing input lines and fields to patterns

• Performing specified actions on matching lines

    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ cat main.py    
    # This program adds two numbers
    num1 = 1.5
    num2 = 6.3
    # Add two numbers
    sum = num1 + num2
    # Display the sum
    print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-58 ~]$  awk '/num/ {print}' main.py 
    # This program adds two numbers
    num1 = 1.5
    num2 = 6.3
    # Add two numbers
    sum = num1 + num2
    print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))
    [ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-58 ~]$ awk '{print $1,$4}' main.py 
    # adds
    num1 
    num2 
    # numbers
    sum +
    # sum
    print('The {0}
  

awk '/num/ {print}' main.py this prints the lines which match the given pattern. awk '{print $1,$4}' main.py splitting a line into two fields $1 and $4.

15.df

df command is used to see the storage usage by different file system directories (technical term here is file system mounts).This displays information about total space and available space on a file system.

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ df
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs            4096       0      4096   0% /dev
tmpfs             486172       0    486172   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs             194472    2880    191592   2% /run
/dev/xvda1       8310764 1591284   6719480  20% /
tmpfs             486172       0    486172   0% /tmp
/dev/xvda128       10202    1310      8892  13% /boot/efi
tmpfs              97232       0     97232   0% /run/user/1000

16.du

du command use to print disk usage in MB Gb. This displays the number of blocks used for files.

Exit Status:

This command returns the following exit values:

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ du
4       ./.ssh
12      ./GitDev
36      .

This displays the number of disk blocks in the current directory and each of its subdirectories.

17.lscpu

lscpu command use to print CPU information. The lscpu command in Linux with the -J argument generates the output in JSON format.

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ lscpu -J
{
   "lscpu": [
      {
         "field": "Architecture:",
         "data": "x86_64",
         "children": [
            {
               "field": "CPU op-mode(s):",
               "data": "32-bit, 64-bit"
            },{
               "field": "Address sizes:",
               "data": "46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual"
            },{
               "field": "Byte Order:",
               "data": "Little Endian"
               }
     ]
}
MORE

18.ps

ps command use to get the information of processes. Processes need system resources like CPU, Physical memory etc. to stay alive.ps is a powerful tool that allows you to view information about the processes running on your Linux system. It helps monitor running processes, identify process ID (PID), terminal type (TTY), CPU time usage, command name, user ID and other information.

• ps -ef or ps -aux*− List currently running processes in full format*

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 Mar06 ?        00:00:05 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize=32
root           2       0  0 Mar06 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root           3       2  0 Mar06 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_gp]
root           4       2  0 Mar06 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_par_gp]
root           5       2  0 Mar06 ?        00:00:00 [slub_flushwq]
root           6       2  0 Mar06 ?        00:00:00 [netns]
MORE

19.Kill

Kill command use to kill process.

Syntax : kill -9 process_id or process_name

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ ps -ef | grep http
root       59143       1  0 16:57 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     59164   59143  0 16:57 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     59165   59143  0 16:57 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     59166   59143  0 16:57 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     59167   59143  0 16:57 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
ec2-user   62502   38348  0 17:03 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto http
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ sudo kill -9 59164
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$

This kills process apache which has process id 59143. You can get process ids from ps command.

20.netstat

netstat -an command that there’s indeed a process listening on ports. This command helps to check things about how your computer connects to the internet. netstat stands for network statistics.

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-29-58 ~]$ netstat -a | more 
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:ssh             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 ip-172-31-29-58.us-:ssh ec2-18-237-140-16:52390 ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 [::]:ssh                [::]:*                  LISTEN     
udp        0      0 ip-172-31-29-58.:bootpc 0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 localhost:323           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp6       0      0 ip-172-31:dhcpv6-client [::]:*                             
udp6       0      0 localhost6:323          [::]:*                             
raw6       0      0 [::]:ipv6-icmp          [::]:*                  7          
Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     18595    
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     18690    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     16002    
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     14501    /run/systemd/resolve/io.systemd.Resolve
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     14506    /run/systemd/resolve/io.systemd.Resolve.Monitor
--More--

netstat -a | more show both listening and non-listening sockets. With the –interfaces option, show interfaces that are not up.

21.ifconfig

ifconfig command find the IP addresses. Configures or displays network interface parameters for a network by using TCP/IP.

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ ifconfig
enX0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 9001
        inet 172.31.28.71  netmask 255.255.240.0  broadcast 172.31.31.255
        inet6 fe80::49:54ff:fec4:c79d  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 02:49:54:c4:c7:9d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 48407  bytes 32785275 (31.2 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 31357  bytes 3158831 (3.0 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 12  bytes 1020 (1020.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 12  bytes 1020 (1020.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$

22.tcpdump

tcpdump command can be used to find all communications (aka network packages) happening through your network (coming in or going out of your machine)

23.ping

ping is a network utility tool and helps to check if a particular IP address is reachable

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ ping google.com
PING google.com (142.250.217.110) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from sea09s30-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.217.110): icmp_seq=1 ttl=58 time=7.77 ms
64 bytes from sea09s30-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.217.110): icmp_seq=2 ttl=58 time=7.82 ms
64 bytes from sea09s30-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.217.110): icmp_seq=3 ttl=58 time=7.90 ms
64 bytes from sea09s30-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.217.110): icmp_seq=4 ttl=58 time=7.87 ms
64 bytes from sea09s30-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.217.110): icmp_seq=5 ttl=58 time=7.86 ms
64 bytes from sea09s30-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.217.110): icmp_seq=6 ttl=58 time=7.79 ms
64 bytes from sea09s30-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.217.110): icmp_seq=7 ttl=58 time=7.83 ms
64 bytes from sea09s30-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.217.110): icmp_seq=8 ttl=58 time=7.82 ms
^C
--- google.com ping statistics ---
8 packets transmitted, 8 received, 0% packet loss, time 7012ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 7.769/7.832/7.900/0.040 ms
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$ ping git.com
PING git.com (44.233.224.228) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- git.com ping statistics ---
56 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 57168ms

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-28-71 ~]$

Cloud computing is the on-demand access of computing resources servers, storage, software, AI-powered tools and more. These computing resources available to customers over internet with pay-per-use pricing.

Consider you are responsible for running a web application on-premise, you face a variety of infrastructure and architecture issues.

• Cost

  On-premises environment setup requires an upfront capital investment. Your IT teams must plan for the compute and storage resources for all phases of the project. Your project team might reach maximum capacity, which can impact productivity or leave hardware resources unused.

• Scalability

  Traditional data centers have limited scalability. Scaling up infrastructure to accommodate increased demand requires purchasing additional hardware, which takes time and might lead to over-provisioning or underutilization of resources during periods of low demand.

• Availability

  Server farms, which were previously maintained at each design center, are often consolidated into a limited number of data centers. For example, if your company has 20 design centers across America and Europe, you might consolidate all their servers into four data centers, geographically distributed across the two continents. Maintaining the high-availability of data centers is challenging and often depends on the reliability of external factors. In addition, IT teams need a well-curated plan for disaster recovery for server farms.

• Maintenance

  On-premises applications demand ongoing maintenance, upgrades, and repairs. Companies must allocate resources for hardware maintenance, firmware updates, security patches, and equipment replacements, adding to operational costs.

Benefits of cloud computing

• Cost-effectiveness

  Cloud computing lets you offload some or all of the expense and effort of purchasing, installing, configuring and managing mainframe computers and other on-premises infrastructure. And you pay only for cloud-based infrastructure and other computing resources as you use them.

• Unlimited scalability

  Cloud computing provides elasticity and self-service provisioning, so instead of purchasing excess capacity that sits unused during slow periods, you can scale capacity up and down in response to spikes and dips in traffic. You can also use your cloud provider’s global network to spread your applications closer to users worldwide.

• Increased speed and agility

  With cloud computing, your organization can use enterprise applications in minutes instead of waiting weeks or months for IT to respond to a request, purchase and configure supporting hardware, and install software.

What is Amazon Web Services (AWS) ?

AWS Meaning: The Amazon Web Services (AWS) platform provides more than 200 fully featured services from data centers located all over the world, and is the world's most comprehensive cloud platform.

Amazon web service is an online platform that provides scalable and cost-effective cloud computing solutions.

AWS is a broadly adopted cloud platform that offers several on-demand operations like compute power, database storage, content delivery, etc., to help corporates scale and grow.

AWS Services

Amazon has many services for cloud applications. Let us list down a few key services of the AWS ecosystem and a brief description of how developers use them in their business.

Amazon has a list of services:

• Compute service

• Storage

• Database

• Networking and delivery of content

• Security tools

• Developer tools

• Management tools

Compute

1. AWS EC2

It is a web service which provides re-sizable compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make the web-scale computing easier for developers. To know more about the service you can refer to our AWS EC2 blog.

2. AWS Elastic Beanstalk

Elastic Beanstalk lets you quickly deploy and manage applications in AWS without worrying about the underlying infrastructure.

3. AWS Elastic Load Balancing

ELB automatically manages the workload on your instances and distributes them to other instances in case of an instance failure.

4. AWS Lambda

AWS Lambda is used to execute backend code without worrying about the underlying architecture, you just upload the code and it runs, it’s that simple!

5. AWS Autoscaling

The Autoscaling feature is used to scale up and down automatically as and when required.

Storage and Content Delivery

1. S3 AWS

S3 stands for simple storage service, it is used for storing data in the form of objects in the AWS Cloud.

2. Amazon CloudFront

CloudFront is a content delivery network which is used to cache data to an edge location which reduces latency.

3. Amazon EBS

Amazon Elastic Block Storage is a storage service wherein each block of storage acts like a separate hard drive.

4. Amazon Glacier

Glacier is an archiving service offered by Amazon, which offers low-cost data archiving.

5. AWS Import/Export Snowball

It offers physical transfer of data between user’s location and AWS data centers, the device which is used to transfer the data is called Snowball.

6. AWS Storage Gateway

It is used to provide seamless integration with data security features between your on-premise software appliance and AWS Cloud.

Database

1. Amazon Aurora

It is a relational database engine that combines the speed and reliability of high-end commercial databases and the cost-effectiveness and simplicity of open-source databases.

2. Amazon RDS

Amazon RDS is a managed relational database service which does routine database tasks in 6 familiar databases like Amazon Aurora, MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.

3. Amazon DynamoDB

It is a fully managed No-SQL database service. It is known for extremely low latencies and scalability.

4. Amazon ElastiCache

It is a web service that makes it easy to set up, manage and scale a distributed cache-in environment in the cloud.

5. Amazon Redshift

Amazon Redshift is a fully managed petabyte-scale data warehouse service in the cloud.

Networking

1. VPC AWS

Amazon VPC lets you launch AWS resources in a virtual network that you define. It closely resembles a traditional network that you’d operate in your data center.

2. AWS Direct Connect

It helps you establish a private connection between your premises and AWS, therefore giving better network performance and throughput than an Internet-based connection.

3. Amazon Route 53

Route 53 is a highly scalable and highly available Domain Name System by Amazon AWS. The name is in reference to the TCP and UDP’s port 53 where DNS requests are addressed.

Management Tools

1. Amazon CloudWatch

It is a monitoring tool by AWS which is used to keep a track on the AWS resources and the applications you run on Amazon AWS.

2. AWS CloudFormation

It is a service which helps you set up and model your Amazon AWS resources so that you can spend less time managing these resources and more time focusing on the development.

3. AWS CloudTrail

AWS CloudTrail is a logging service which records the API calls to your Amazon AWS account and delivers them to you.

4. AWS Command Line Tool

It is an all in one tool to manage all your AWS services, by downloading and configuring only one tool you can manage all the AWS services through the command line.

5. AWS OpsWorks

It is a configuration management tool that helps configure and operate applications of all size and shapes using Chef.

6. Trusted Advisor

Trusted Advisor is a customized cloud monitoring tool, that analyzes your AWS environment and gives insights on the expense, performance improvement, security gaps, and reliability.

Security and Identity

1. AWS Identity and Access Management(IAM)

It is an AWS service that helps you control access to your AWS resources for your users.

2. AWS Key Management Service

It is a managed service that helps you create and control encryption keys which are used to encrypt your data, and uses Hardware Security Modules to protect the security of your keys.

3. Amazon SES

It is a cost-effective emailing service which is built on the scalable and reliable infrastructure of Amazon.com

4. Amazon SNS

It is a web service offered by AWS that manages the delivery of messages to subscribed endpoints or clients.

5. Amazon SQS

It is a fast, reliable and scalable message queuing service, it can be used to transmit any volume of data at any level of throughput, without losing any messages or without the use of any other service.